Laparoscopic hernia surgery is a minimally invasive procedure performed to repair a hernia—a condition where an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. It is most commonly used for inguinal, umbilical, and ventral hernias. This modern surgical approach offers significant advantages over traditional open surgery, including reduced pain, faster recovery, and minimal scarring.

Procedure

The surgery is conducted under general anesthesia. During the procedure, a small incision (approximately 0.5-1 cm) is made near the affected area, through which a laparoscope—a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light source—is inserted. This allows the surgeon to visualize the hernia on a monitor without creating a large incision. Additional small incisions are made to introduce specialized surgical instruments for repair.

For hernia repair, the surgeon gently pushes the protruding tissue back into place. A synthetic mesh is often placed over the weakened area to strengthen it and prevent recurrence. The mesh is secured with sutures, tacks, or surgical glue. The incisions are then closed with stitches or surgical adhesive.

Types of Laparoscopic Hernia Repairs

• Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP): The laparoscope is inserted through the abdominal cavity, and the hernia defect is repaired from within the abdomen.
• Totally Extraperitoneal (TEP): The hernia is repaired without entering the abdominal cavity, reducing the risk of injury to abdominal organs.

Benefits of Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery

• Minimally Invasive: Small incisions mean less pain and discomfort postoperatively.
• Quicker Recovery: Patients typically resume normal activities within 1-2 weeks.
• Minimal Scarring: Small incisions leave little to no noticeable marks.
• Lower Risk of Infection: Reduced exposure of internal tissues lowers infection risks.
• Bilateral Repair: In cases of bilateral inguinal hernias, both sides can be repaired simultaneously through the same incisions.

Postoperative Care

Patients are usually discharged on the same day or after 24 hours. Recovery involves:

• Light activity for a few weeks.
• Avoiding heavy lifting or strenuous activities for 4-6 weeks.
• Pain management with prescribed medications.