A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weakened area in the muscle or surrounding connective tissue. It commonly occurs in the abdomen, groin, or diaphragm. Hernias are often caused by factors like heavy lifting, persistent coughing, straining during bowel movements, obesity, or weakened muscles due to aging, pregnancy, or surgery.

Types of Hernia

• Inguinal Hernia: Most common type, occurring in the groin.
• Umbilical Hernia: Seen around the belly button, often in infants.
• Hiatal Hernia: Involves part of the stomach pushing into the chest cavity.
• Incisional Hernia: Occurs through a surgical scar.
• Femoral Hernia: Occurs near the thigh, more common in women.

Hernias do not resolve on their own and may grow larger or lead to complications, such as strangulation (when blood flow to the herniated tissue is cut off), which requires immediate medical attention. The definitive treatment for hernia is surgical repair.

Hernia Surgery Treatments

Open Hernia Repair (Herniorrhaphy):

• Procedure: The surgeon makes an incision near the hernia, repositions the protruding tissue, and repairs the weakened muscle area. A mesh is often used to reinforce the site (called herniorrhaphy with mesh or tension-free repair).
• Recovery: Typically requires a longer healing time compared to laparoscopic surgery. Patients may need weeks to resume strenuous activities.

Laparoscopic Hernia Repair:

• Procedure: This is a minimally invasive technique where small incisions are made, and a thin, flexible tube with a camera (laparoscope) is inserted. Surgical tools are used to repair the hernia, often with mesh reinforcement.
• Benefits: Faster recovery, smaller scars, reduced postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stays.
• Suitability: Ideal for patients with smaller hernias or recurring hernias.

Postoperative Care

After hernia surgery, patients are advised to:

• Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for several weeks.
• Maintain a balanced diet to prevent constipation.
• Follow proper wound care and prescribed medications to manage pain and prevent infections.